Position : Professor of Economics, CERNA, Mines ParisTech
Research interests : Antitrust, Intellectual Property, Energy
Phone: + 33 (0)1 40 51 91 73
Fax: +33 (0) 1 40 51 91 45
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You will find on this web-page
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- Blogging - Books - Papers
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- Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
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Blogging
François Lévêque is editor of Energypolicyblog.com.
He wrote many posts, including: Is the nuclear phase-out a financially viable option for France? Don't close nuclear power plants merely because they are old and Nuclear Generation Costs - Revisiting Estimates (Once Again)
Books
Lévêque François, Co-editor, "Security of Energy Supply in Europe", Loyola de Palacio Series on European Energy Policy", Edward Elgar Publishers, 2010
Lévêque François and Shelanski Howard, Eds., "Antitrust and Regulation in the EU and the US - Legal and Economic Perspectives", Edward Elgar Publishers, 2010
Lévêque François and Jean-Michel Glachant, Eds., "Electricity Reform in Europe", Edward Elgar Publishers, 2009
Lévêque François, Ed., "Competitive Electricity Markets and Sustainability", Edward Elgar Publishers, 2006.
Lévêque François and Shelanski Howard, Eds., "Antitrust, Patents and Copyright", Edward Elgar Publishers, 2005.
Lévêque François and Ménière Yann,"The Economics of Patents and Copyright", Berkeley Electronic Press, 2004.
Lévêque François, "Economie de la réglementation", Collection Repères, Editions La Découverte, 2004 (2ème édition).
Lévêque François and Shelanski Howard, Eds., "Merger Remedies in US and EU Competition Law", Edward Elgar Publishers, 2003.
Lévêque François et Ménière Yann, "Economie de la propriété intellectuelle", Collection Repères, Paris, Editions La Découverte, Octobre 2003.
Lévêque François, Ed., "Transport Pricing of Electricity Networks", Dordrecht, Holland, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.
Carraro Carlo et Lévêque François, Eds., "Voluntary Approaches in Environmental Policy", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.
Papers
Lévêque François (avec Th. Fossier), "Le 'presque rien' et le 'pas tout à fait vrai"', probabilitiés et décision juridictionnelle", la Semaine Juridique - Edition générale, n° 14, 2 avril 2012
Lévêque François (avec Gildas de Muizon, Marcelo Saguan et Vincent Rious), "Justifications économiques de l'utilité d'un mécanisme de bouclage dans le fonctionnement d'un dispositif d'obligation de capacité", Revue de l'Energie, n° 603, Septembre-Octobre 2011
Lévêque François (with Yann Ménère), "Patent pool formation: timing matters", Information Economics and Policy, August 2011.
Lévêque François (avec Th. Fossier), "Le bien et le mal en droit économique", Revue Lamy de la Concurrence, n° 27, juin-juillet 2011, pp. 100-103
Lévêque François (with Michel Berthélémy), "Harmonising Nuclear Safety in the EU: Which Priority?", Intereconomics, Review of European Economic Policy, vol. 46, issue 3, p. 132-137, 2011.
Lévêque François, "NOME : un régulateur à l'écart des discussions et des décisions" Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, n°1, 2011, pp. 26-28.
Lévêque François, "France's New Electricity Act: A potential Windfall Profit for Electricity Suppliers and a Potential Incompatibility with the EU Law", The Electricity Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 2, March 2011.
Lévêque François, "Intel's Rebates: Above Board or Below the Belt?" Law and Technology column, Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, vol. 53, n°5, May 2010
Lévêque François et alii, "Where the Champsaur Commission Has Got It Wrong", The Electricity Journal, Vol. 22, Issue 7, August/September 2009.
Lévêque François, "Google double clique et gagne", Revue Lamy de la Concurrence, n°18, janvier-mars 2009.
Lévêque François, Jean-Michel Glachant and Pippo Ranci, "Some Guideposts on the Road to Formulating a Coherent Policy on EU Energy Security of Supply", The Electricity Journal, Vol. 21, Issue 10, December 2008.
Lévêque François and Ménière Yann, "Technology Standards, Patents and Antitrust", Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Vol. 9(1), May 2008
Lévêque François, "Le Conseil de la Concurrence au secours des opérateurs de l'électricité", Revue Lamy de la concurrence, no 15, avril-juin 2008.
Lévêque François, "La décision du TPICE : où est passée l'économie ?" Revue Lamy de la concurrence, no 14, janvier-mars 2008.
Lévêque François, "Contrôle des concentrations : UE/US, match nul" Revue Lamy de la concurrence, no 13, octobre-décembre 2007.
Lévêque François, "La normalisation et le droit de la concurrence face au hold-up", Revue Lamy de la Concurrence, no 12, juillet-septembre 2007.
Lévêque François and Ménière Yann, "Copyright versus Patents: The Open Source Software Legal Battle", Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues, Vol. 4(1), 2007, pp. 27-46.
Lévêque François, "Quel test de preuve pour l'article 82 ?", Revue Lamy de la Concurrence, no 11, avril-juin 2007.
Lévêque François and Brunekreeft Geert, "Investments in Generation and Transmission", Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Volume 2(1), 2007.
Lévêque François , "UK Tractors, Paris luxury hotels and French mobile telephony operators: are all oligopoly information exchanges bad for competition?", World Competition, 30(2), June 2007.
Lévêque François, "L'efficacité multiforme des programmes de clémence", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, no 4, 2006.
Lévêque François and Ménière Yann, “Academic response to the European Commission’s questionnaire on the patent system in Europe: an economic approach”, World Patent Information, 28:4, 2006.
Lévêque François, "Faut-il baillonner tous les oligopoleurs ? Ou la jurisprudence John Deere vue par un économiste", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, no 3, Septembre 2006.
Lévêque François, "Is Online Music Locked in by Leveraging?", Communications & Strategies, no 63, 2006.
Lévêque François, "Antitrust Enforcement in the Electricity and Gas Industries - Problems and Solutions for the EU", The Electricity Journal, Vol. 19, no 5, June 2006.
Lévêque François, "La mise en oeuvre du droit de la concurrence dans les industries électriques et gazières - Problèmes et solutions", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, no 2, 2006.
Barquin Julian, Bergman Lars, Crampes Claude, Glachant Jean-Michel, Green Richard, Von Hirschhausen Christian, Lévêque François and Stoft Steven, "The Acquisition of Endesa by Gas Natural: Why the Antitrust Authorities Are Right to Be Cautious", The Electricity Journal, Vol. 19, no 2, March 2006.
Lévêque François, "Quelle efficacité des remèdes du contrôle européen des concentrations ?", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, No 1, Janvier 2006.
Lévêque François, Julian Barquin, Lars Bergman, Claude Crampes, Jean-Michel Glachant, Richard Green, Christian Von Hirschhausen and Steven Stoft, "The Acquisition of Endesa by Gas Natural: An Antitrust Perspective", Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Vol. 6, no 4, December 2005.
Lévêque François, "L'analyse du pouvoir de marché dans l'électricité", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, no 3, 2005.
Lévêque François, "L'analyse statistique du contrôle européen des concentrations", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, no 4, 2005.
Lévêque François, "Le contrôle des concentrations en Europe et aux Etats-Unis : lequel est le plus sévère ? ", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, no 2, 2005.
Lévêque François, "Innovation, leveraging and essential facilities: Interoperability licensing in the EU Microsoft case ", "World Competition", 2005.
Lévêque François, "Droit de la propriété intellectuelle et concurrence", Journal de l'Ecole de Paris du Management, no 51, Janvier-Février 2005.
Lévêque François, "La musique en ligne verrouillée par un effet de levier ?", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, No 2, décembre 2004.
Working papers
Lévêque François and Michel Berthélémy, "Korea nuclear exports: Why did the Koreans win the UAE tender? Will Korea achieve its goal of exporting 80 nuclear reactors by 2030?" Cerna Working Papers Series, 2011-04, April 2011.
Lévêque François, "France's new Electricty Act: a barrier against the market and the European Union", EPRG Working Paper n°1036, Cambridge University, December 2010.
Lévêque François et Marcelo Saguan, "Analyse critique du projet de loi NOME", CERNA Working Paper, juin 2010.
Lévêque François, "Pharmaceutical Regulation and Intellectual Property: The Third Side of the Triangle", CERNA Working Paper, November 2009.
Lévêque François, "Are Merger Remedies Effective in the EU?", CERNA Working Paper, February 2007.
François Lévêque and Ménière Yann, "Patents and Innovation: Friends or Foes?", CERNA Working Paper, January 2007.
Lévêque François, "Statistical Analysis of European Merger Control", CERNA Working Paper, June 2006.
Lévêque François and Glachant Jean-Michel, "Electricity Internal Market in the European Union: What to do next?", MIT Working Paper, 2005-015, September 2005.
Recent communications
Lévêque François, "La régulation de la sûreté nucléaire : analyse économique", Conférence de l'Association des économistes de l'énergie, Ecole des mines, 14 mars 2012.
Lévêque François, "Réactions d'un économiste au rapport de la Cour des Comptes", Conférence organisée par la SFEN et l'AEE, Paris Dauphine, 28 février 2012.
Lévêque François, "The France's New Electricity Act: A Barrier against the Market and the European Union", Bruegel Energy Series Event, January 25, Brussels.
Lévêque François, "Regulating Access to Nuclear Power Generation: The French Case", 7th SICEM Conference, Electricity Deregulation - Retrospect and Prospect, Seoul, June 16, 2011.
Lévêque François (with Emmanuel Frot, Gildas de Muizon, Emile Quinet), "Bidding for urban public transport: an econometric analysis of French competitive bids", EPPP Conference, May 30-31, 2011.
Lévêque François and Florent Silve, "Competition, Energy Law and Nuclear Safety Regulation", EU Energy Law & Policy Workshop, Florence School of Regulation, May 20, 2011.
Lévêque François, "L'analyse probabiliste et le droit" Conférence Econométrie et Droit de la Concurrence organisée par Microeconomix, Paris, 6 mai 2011.
Lévêque François, "An ex ante assessment of the new French electricity law" EPRG and CEEPR European Electricity Workshop, Berlin, 15-16 July 2010
Lévêque François, "Allocation de la responsabilité et incitations à la prévention de la collusion", Ateliers DGCCRF, 30 mars 2010.
Lévêque François, "L'avant-projet de loi sur la nouvelle organisation du marché électrique : vers une sur-réglementation durablement inefficace et coûteuse", Journée d'étude GREDEG-CNRS-OFCE, Nice, 6 novembre 2009.
Lévêque François, "Comment améliorer les marchés de l'électricité et du gaz en Europe ?", Association Française du Droit de l'Energie, Paris, 3 décembre 2008
Lévêque François, "Standards and Patent Pools", Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, 12 November 2008.
Lévêque François, "Standards and Patent Hold-up", Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, 11 November 2008.
Lévêque François, "Patents, Standards and Antitrust", Max Planck Institute EconSeminar, Bonn, 9 June 2008.
Lévêque François, "Droit de la concurrence et innovation", Séminaire Ressources et Technologiques et Innovations, Paris, 16 janvier 2006.
Lévêque François, "L'application du droit de la concurrence dans le gaz et l'électricité", Séminaire d'Economie de l'énergie, Paris, 17 janvier 2008.
Lévêque François, "Technological Standards, Patents and Antitrust", Harvard Law School, 27 November, 2007.
Lévêque François, "Patent Reforms in Europe", Berkeley Center for Law and Technology, Berkeley, 5 May 2006.
Lévêque François, "Is a Specific Antitrust Treatment required in Electricity and Gas Market?", Italian Workshop of Association of Competition Economics, Lucca, Italy, 7-8 July 2006.
Lévêque François, "Réformer le brevet : point de vue économique", Communication à l'Assemblée Générale de l'Association Internationale pour la Protection de la Propriété Intellectuelle, Paris, 19 janvier 2006.
Lévêque François and Glachant Jean-Michel , "The EC Competition Authority as a Second Best Sectoral Regulator for Electricity", Third Cerna-Mines/Berkeley International Conference "Balancing Antitrust and Regulation in Network Industries", Paris, 12-13 January 2006.
Non academic articles
Lévêque François, "Prix de l'énergie nucléaire, un marché de dupes", Le Figaro, 29 mars 2012.
Lévêque François, "Ne pas rater la conception du marché de capacité électrique", La Tribune, 19 octobre 2011.
Lévêque François, "L'incohérence du tarif administré de l'électricité", La Tribune, 20 avril 2011.
Lévêque François, "Nucléaire : et si les vieilles centrales étaient les plus sûres ?" Les Echos, 20 avril 2011.
Lévêque François and Justus Baron, "Position paper on the revised rules for the assessement of horizontal cooperation agreements under EU competition law". Response to the public consultation of the European Commission, DG Competition. June 2010.
Lévêque François, "Les fausses certitudes du projet de régulation de l'électricité", La Tribune, 8 juin 2010.
Lévêque François, "L'économie du carbone incomprise du Palais-Royal", La Tribune, 5 janvier 2010.Lévêque François, "Dépolitisons le prix de l'électricité", Les Echos, 15 septembre 2009.
Lévêque François, "Réglementer le kWh, une monstruosité économique", La Tribune, 4 mai 2009
Lévêque François, "La recherche du monopole est le moteur de l'innovation", Libération, 29 octobre 2007.
Lévêque François, "Main basse sur les clefs USB", Les Echos, 11 juillet 2007.
Lévêque François, "Quel prix pour l'électricité ?", Le Monde, 12 janvier 2007.
Lévêque François, "Prix de l'énergie et ouverture des marchés : Le risque serait de laisser se constituer des champions nationaux", Le Monde, 5 Septembre 2006.
Lévêque François, "Traduire les brevets : quel intérêt ?", Le Monde, 7 Juin 2006.
European research networks
François Lévêque has coordinated and contributed to several EU research projects including: ERIC (1993-1996), a research programme on the setting-process of environmental directives, JEP (1994-1996), a project aimed at examining the employment impact of environmental policies, CAVA (1998-2001), a concerted action on Voluntary approaches, PETRAS (2000-2002) a study of ecological tax reforms, SESSA (2003-2005) a specific action on Electricity Reforms in the EU. He is currently coordinating an European Program on security of supply, CESSA.
Expertise
François Lévêque has carried out several expertises, in particular for DG Comp (e.g., passenger interlining, regular line shipping, allocation of airport slots), OECD (e.g., environmental policy and competitiveness, voluntary approaches) and French government (e.g., railway deregulation, electricity liberalisation).
François Lévêque is member of the French Environment Accounting Commission and of the Council on Intellectual Property.
Biography
François Lévêque is professor of economics at Mines ParisTech. His research, teaching and consulting interests are in the areas of antitrust, intellectual property rights and network regulation.
Graduated in engineering from Agro, he started his academic activity with a PhD thesis in economics (1982) on forest property rights and their consequences on the industrial organization of pulp and paper sector. His research on forest economics terminated in 1989 with the publication of a reference textbook in French. Then he begun to work on the protection of intellectual property rights, in particular with respect to patent extension for biotechnology inventions and to the reduction of biodiversity - a topic he addressed in a book in 1993. Since this date his research has progressively enlarged to the study of environmental policies, regulatory reforms, and competition law enforcement. He published in 1996 at Edward Elgar a seminal book on the setting process of European environmental laws, and a series of books at Kluwer Academic Publisher on environmental agreements (1999). He wrote a French textbook for undergraduate students in economics of regulation at La Découverte (1998) and an English textbooks for professionals on Transport Pricing of Electricity Networks (Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2003). He edited several books on competition policy, comparing the EU and the US: Merger Remedies in Competition Law (Edward Elgar, 2002), Antitrust, Patents and Copyright (Edward Elgar, 2005), Antitrust and Regulation (Edward Elgar, 2010). He is the co-author of the first textbook in Economic Analysis of Intellectual Property Law (La Découverte, 2003). He recently published a series of books on energy: Competitive Electricity Markets and Sustainability (Edward Elgar, 2006), Electricity Reform in Europe (Edward Elgar, 2009), Security of Energy Supply in Europe (Edward Elgar, 2010). He wrote several papers in academic journals, including Energy Policy, World Competition, Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, La Revue Lamy de la Concurrence, Concurrences, Electricity Journal, Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues. He launched in 2007 an academic blog, Energypolicyblog.com. During the past fifteen years his research has focused on the assessing of policy instruments (e.g., tariffs in electricity transmission, co-venants, merger control,) and of policy reforms (e.g., gas and electricity French and EU laws, European Commission proposals for Community patent and software protection, modernization of EU competition policy).
He taught economics of natural resources at the Ecole des mines de Paris (1984-1990), environmental economics at EHESS (1997-2001) and at Pavia University (1999-2002), EU Competition Law at the Boalt Law School, University of California at Berkeley (2002-2007). He created in 1999 a new major in law and economics at the Ecole des mines. He has taught industrial economics at the Ecole des mines since 1996.
His expertise activity is aligned with his academic interests. He has been regularly commissioned by the French government, OECD and the European Commission to participate to advisory committees.
