Research interests: Antitrust, Intellectual Property, Energy

Professor of Law & Economics, CERNA, Mines ParisTech
60, boulevard Saint Michel, 75272 Paris Cedex 06, FRANCE
tel: + 33140519173, fax: +331 40 51 91 45

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Blogging

François Lévêque is editor of Energypolicyblog.com.

He wrote many posts, including: Nuclear Generation Costs - Revisiting Estimates (Once Again) and

Transfer Energy Sovereignty to the EU, Now!,

Books

Lévêque François and Shelanski Howard, Eds., "Antitrust and Regulation in the EU and the US - Legal and Economic Perspectives", Edward Elgar Publishers, Forthcoming 2010

Lévêque François and Jean-Michel Glachant, Eds., "Electricity Reform in Europe", Edward Elgar Publishers, 2009

Lévêque François, Ed., "Competitive Electricity Markets and Sustainability", Edward Elgar Publishers, 2006.

Lévêque François and Shelanski Howard, Eds., "Antitrust, Patents and Copyright", Edward Elgar Publishers, 2005.

Lévêque François and Ménière Yann,"The Economics of Patents and Copyright", Berkeley Electronic Press, 2004.

Lévêque François, "Economie de la réglementation", Collection Repères, Editions La Découverte, 2004 (2ème édition).

Lévêque François and Shelanski Howard, Eds., "Merger Remedies in US and EU Competition Law", Edward Elgar Publishers, 2003.

Lévêque François et Ménière Yann, "Economie de la propriété intellectuelle", Collection Repères, Paris, Editions La Découverte, Octobre 2003.

Lévêque François, Ed., "Transport Pricing of Electricity Networks", Dordrecht, Holland, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

Carraro Carlo et Lévêque François, Eds., "Voluntary Approaches in Environmental Policy", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

Papers

Lévêque François et alii, "Where the Champsaur Commission Has Got It Wrong", The Electricity Journal, Vol. 22, Issue 7, August/September 2009.

Lévêque François, "Google double clique et gagne", Revue Lamy de la Concurrence, n°18, janvier-mars 2009.

Lévêque François, Jean-Michel Glachant and Pippo Ranci, "Some Guideposts on the Road to Formulating a Coherent Policy on EU Energy Security of Supply", The Electricity Journal, Vol. 21, Issue 10, December 2008.

Lévêque François and Ménière Yann, "Technology Standards, Patents and Antitrust", Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Vol. 9(1), May 2008

Lévêque François, "Le Conseil de la Concurrence au secours des opérateurs de l'électricité", Revue Lamy de la concurrence, no 15, avril-juin 2008.

Lévêque François, "La décision du TPICE : où est passée l'économie ?" Revue Lamy de la concurrence, no 14, janvier-mars 2008.

Lévêque François, "Contrôle des concentrations : UE/US, match nul" Revue Lamy de la concurrence, no 13, octobre-décembre 2007.

Lévêque François, "La normalisation et le droit de la concurrence face au hold-up", Revue Lamy de la Concurrence, no 12, juillet-septembre 2007.

Lévêque François and Ménière Yann, "Copyright versus Patents: The Open Source Software Legal Battle", Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues, Vol. 4(1), 2007, pp. 27-46.

Lévêque François, "Quel test de preuve pour l'article 82 ?", Revue Lamy de la Concurrence, no 11, avril-juin 2007.

Lévêque François and Brunekreeft Geert, "Investments in Generation and Transmission", Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Volume 2(1), 2007.

Lévêque François , "UK Tractors, Paris luxury hotels and French mobile telephony operators: are all oligopoly information exchanges bad for competition?", World Competition, 30(2), June 2007.

Lévêque François, "L'efficacité multiforme des programmes de clémence", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, no 4, 2006.

Lévêque François and Ménière Yann, “Academic response to the European Commission’s questionnaire on the patent system in Europe: an economic approach”, World Patent Information, 28:4, 2006.

Lévêque François, "Faut-il baillonner tous les oligopoleurs ? Ou la jurisprudence John Deere vue par un économiste", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, no 3, Septembre 2006.

Lévêque François, "Is Online Music Locked in by Leveraging?", Communications & Strategies, no 63, 2006.

Lévêque François, "Antitrust Enforcement in the Electricity and Gas Industries - Problems and Solutions for the EU", The Electricity Journal, Vol. 19, no 5, June 2006.

Lévêque François, "La mise en oeuvre du droit de la concurrence dans les industries électriques et gazières - Problèmes et solutions", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, no 2, 2006.

Barquin Julian, Bergman Lars, Crampes Claude, Glachant Jean-Michel, Green Richard, Von Hirschhausen Christian, Lévêque François and Stoft Steven, "The Acquisition of Endesa by Gas Natural: Why the Antitrust Authorities Are Right to Be Cautious", The Electricity Journal, Vol. 19, no 2, March 2006.

Lévêque François, "Quelle efficacité des remèdes du contrôle européen des concentrations ?", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, No 1, Janvier 2006.

Lévêque François, Julian Barquin, Lars Bergman, Claude Crampes, Jean-Michel Glachant, Richard Green, Christian Von Hirschhausen and Steven Stoft, "The Acquisition of Endesa by Gas Natural: An Antitrust Perspective", Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Vol. 6, no 4, December 2005.

Lévêque François, "L'analyse du pouvoir de marché dans l'électricité", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, no 3, 2005.

Lévêque François, "L'analyse statistique du contrôle européen des concentrations", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, no 4, 2005.

Lévêque François, "Le contrôle des concentrations en Europe et aux Etats-Unis : lequel est le plus sévère ? ", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, no 2, 2005.

Lévêque François, "Innovation, leveraging and essential facilities: Interoperability licensing in the EU Microsoft case ", "World Competition", 2005.

Lévêque François, "Droit de la propriété intellectuelle et concurrence", Journal de l'Ecole de Paris du Management, no 51, Janvier-Février 2005.

Lévêque François, "La musique en ligne verrouillée par un effet de levier ?", Concurrences, Revue des droits de la concurrence, No 2, décembre 2004.

Working papers

Lévêque François , "Pharmaceutical Regulation and Intellectual Property: The Third Side of the Triangle", November 2009.

Lévêque François , "Are Merger Remedies Effective in the EU?", CERNA Working Paper, February 2007.

François Lévêque and Ménière Yann, "Patents and Innovation: Friends or Foes?", CERNA Working Paper, January 2007.

Lévêque François, "Statistical Analysis of European Merger Control", CERNA Working Paper, June 2006.

Lévêque François and Glachant Jean-Michel, "Electricity Internal Market in the European Union: What to do next?", MIT Working Paper, 2005-015, September 2005.

Recent communications

Lévêque François, "L'avant-projet de loi sur la nouvelle organisation du marché électrique : vers une sur-réglementation durablement inefficace et coûteuse", Journée d'étude GREDEG-CNRS-OFCE, Nice, 6 novembre 2009.

Lévêque François, "Comment améliorer les marchés de l'électricité et du gaz en Europe ?", Association Française du Droit de l'Energie, Paris, 3 décembre 2008

Lévêque François, "Standards and Patent Pools", Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, 12 November 2008.

Lévêque François, "Standards and Patent Hold-up", Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, 11 November 2008.

Lévêque François, "Patents, Standards and Antitrust", Max Planck Institute EconSeminar, Bonn, 9 June 2008.

Lévêque François, "Droit de la concurrence et innovation", Séminaire Ressources et Technologiques et Innovations, Paris, 16 janvier 2006.

Lévêque François, "L'application du droit de la concurrence dans le gaz et l'électricité", Séminaire d'Economie de l'énergie, Paris, 17 janvier 2008.

Lévêque François, "Technological Standards, Patents and Antitrust", Harvard Law School, 27 November, 2007.

Lévêque François, "Patent Reforms in Europe", Berkeley Center for Law and Technology, Berkeley, 5 May 2006.

Lévêque François, "Is a Specific Antitrust Treatment required in Electricity and Gas Market?", Italian Workshop of Association of Competition Economics, Lucca, Italy, 7-8 July 2006.

Lévêque François, "Réformer le brevet : point de vue économique", Communication à l'Assemblée Générale de l'Association Internationale pour la Protection de la Propriété Intellectuelle, Paris, 19 janvier 2006.

Lévêque François and Glachant Jean-Michel , "The EC Competition Authority as a Second Best Sectoral Regulator for Electricity", Third Cerna-Mines/Berkeley International Conference "Balancing Antitrust and Regulation in Network Industries", Paris, 12-13 January 2006.

Non academic articles

Lévêque François, "Réglementer le kWh, une monstruosité économique", La Tribune, 4 mai 2009

Lévêque François, "La recherche du monopole est le moteur de l'innovation", Libération, 29 octobre 2007.

Lévêque François, "Main basse sur les clefs USB", Les Echos, 11 juillet 2007.

Lévêque François, "Quel prix pour l'électricité ?", Le Monde, 12 janvier 2007.

Lévêque François, "Prix de l'énergie et ouverture des marchés : Le risque serait de laisser se constituer des champions nationaux", Le Monde, 5 Septembre 2006.

Lévêque François, "Traduire les brevets : quel intérêt ?", Le Monde, 7 Juin 2006.

European research networks

François Lévêque has coordinated and contributed to several EU research projects including: ERIC (1993-1996), a research programme on the setting-process of environmental directives, JEP (1994-1996), a project aimed at examining the employment impact of environmental policies, CAVA (1998-2001), a concerted action on Voluntary approaches, PETRAS (2000-2002) a study of ecological tax reforms, SESSA (2003-2005) a specific action on Electricity Reforms in the EU. He is currently coordinating an European Program on security of supply, CESSA.

Consultancy

François Lévêque has carried out several expertises, in particular for DG Comp (e.g., passenger interlining, regular line shipping, allocation of airport slots), OECD (e.g., environmental policy and competitiveness, voluntary approaches) and French government (e.g., railway deregulation, electricity liberalisation).

François Lévêque founded Microeconomix (2002) a consulting firm specialised in economic analysis of legal dispute.

François Lévêque is member of the French Environment Accounting Commission and of the Council on Intellectual Property.

Biography

François Lévêque is professor of law and economics at Mines ParisTech. His research, teaching and consulting interests are in the areas of antitrust, intellectual property rights and network regulation.

Graduated in engineering from Agro, he started his academic activity with a PhD thesis in economics (1982) on forest property rights and their consequences on the industrial organization of pulp and paper sector. His research on forest economics terminated in 1989 with the publication of a reference textbook in French. Then he begun to work on the protection of intellectual property rights, in particular with respect to patent extension for biotechnology inventions and to the reduction of bio-diversity - a topic he addressed in a book in 1993. Since this date his research has progressively enlarged to the study of environmental policies, regulatory reforms, and competition law enforcement. He published in 1996 at Edward Elgar a seminal book on the setting process of European environmental laws, and a series of books at Kluwer Academic Publisher on environmental agreements (1999). He wrote a French textbook for undergraduate students in economics of regulation at La Découverte (1998). He edited a book on merger remedies in EU and US competition law (Edward Elgar, 2002) and another one on Transport Pricing of Electricity Networks (Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2003). He is the co-author of the first textbook in Economic Analysis of Intellectual Property Law (La Découverte, 2003). He recently edited a book on Competitive Electricity Markets and Sustainability (Edward Elgar, 2006). He wrote several papers in academic journals, including Energy Policy, World Competition, Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, La Revue Lamy de la Concurrence, Concurrences, Electricity Journal, Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues. He launched in 2007 an academic blog, Energypolicyblog.com. During the past fifteen years his research has focused on the assessing of policy instruments (e.g., tariffs in electricity transmission, co-venants, merger control,) and of policy reforms (e.g., gas and electricity French and EU laws, European Commission proposals for Community patent and software protection, modernization of EU competition policy).

He taught economics of natural resources at the Ecole des mines de Paris (1984-1990), environmental economics at EHESS (1997-2001) and at Pavia University (1999-2002), EU Competition Law at the Boalt Law School, University of California at Berkeley (2002-2007). He created in 1999 a new major in law and economics at the Ecole des mines. He has taught industrial economics at the Ecole des mines since 1996.

His consulting activity is aligned with his academic interests. He has been regularly commissioned by the French government, OECD and the European Commission to undertake consultancy and participate to advisory committees. François Lévêque has also founded Microeconomix, a Paris-based boutique specialised in economics applied to law.